Positivity preserving finite element approximation

Math. Comp., 71 (2001), 1405-1419.

Ricardo H. Nochetto
Department of Mathematics
University of Maryland, College Park
College Park, MD 20742, USA

rhn@math.umd.edu

Lars B. Wahlbin
Department of Mathematics
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14853, USA

wahlbin@math.cornell.edu

Abstract

We consider finite element operators defined on ``rough'' functions in a bounded polyhedron $\Om$ in $\R^N$. Insisting on preserving positivity in the approximations, we discover an intriguing and basic difference between approximating functions which vanish on the boundary of $\Om$ and approximating general functions which do not. We give impossibility results for approximation of general functions to more than first order accuracy at extreme points of $\Om$. We also give impossibility results about invariance of positive operators on finite element functions. This is in striking contrast to the well-studied case without positivity.