Log to Illustrate Format Operations in SAS
==========================================

(I) Formatting at Input stage:

proc format ;
    value agedc  Low- <40 = 35 
                 40-49     = 45
                 50-59     = 55
                 60-HIGH   = 65 ;
    value $salint 0 -  200 = "L"
                 201 - 300  = "M1"
                 301 - 400  = "M2"
                 401 - HIGH = "H" ; 
data newceo;
    infile "ASCdata/CEO.dat";   * in my wam ASCII data directory;
    input agegp  salry $  ;
       format agegp agedc.
             salry $salint. ;    
proc print data=newceo (obs=12); run;

  Obs    agegp    salry
    1     55       L
    2     45       H
    3     35       M1
    4     45       M1
    5     45       M2
    6     55       H
    7     45       M2
    8     55       H
    9     35       M1
   10     45       H
   11     55       H
   12     55       H

(II) Formatting to Re-code

libname home ".";         * my wam SAS-file directory ;

  data newceo2;
     infile "ASCdata/CEO.dat";
     input age salry $  ;
     agedec = put(age, agedc.);
     salgp = put(salry, salint.);   * NOTE:  salry had to be a character 
                                       variable to make this work   ;
   proc print data=newceo2 (obs = 12);
     run;

 Obs    age    salry    agedec    salgp
  1     53     145       55       L
  2     43     621       45       H
  3     33     262       35       M1
  4     45     208       45       M1
  5     46     362       45       M2
  6     55     424       55       H
  7     41     339       45       M2
  8     55     736       55       H
  9     36     291       35       M1
 10     45     58        45       H
 11     55     498       55       H
 12     50     643       55       H
 
  data newceo3;
     set newceo2 (keep = AGE SALRY);
     agedec = put(age, agedc.);
     salgp = put(salry, salint.);
    run;                             * Gives the same recoded SAS dataset;


(III) Formatting in PROC PRINT or FREQ

    proc print data = newceo2 (obs=8);
       var age salry;
       title "Formatted Print without Data-Step";
       format age agedc. salry $salint. ;
     run;
               * Get same printed output from initial 
                 age and salry dataset without recoding in data-step;


    proc freq data=newceo2;
       tables salry * age / nocum norow nocol nopercent;
       title "Formatted Table, Recoded in FREQ";
       format age agedc. salry $salint. ;
    run;                    


            The FREQ Procedure

           Table of salry by age

salry     age

Frequency|35      |45      |55      |65      |  Total
---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
L        |      0 |      1 |      3 |      2 |      6
---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
M1       |      3 |      5 |      8 |      3 |     19
---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
M2       |      2 |      6 |      4 |      1 |     13
---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
H        |      0 |      7 |      9 |      5 |     21
---------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
Total           5       19       24       11       59